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GLTF is an open standard developed by the Khronos Group. It is designed for efficient transmission and loading of 3D scenes and models in real-time applications, including web and augmented reality (AR) experiences. GLTF supports geometry, materials, animations, and PBR (Physically Based Rendering) workflows.
Collada is an open, XML-based file format designed to be a neutral exchange format for 3D content. It can store geometry, animations, materials, and more. Collada files are used in various 3D software applications and game engines.
"VRM" stands for "Virtual Reality Model." It's a file format used for 3D avatars and characters in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications. VRM files typically contain a 3D character model, including its mesh, textures, animations, and sometimes additional information like facial expressions and bone structures.
Documentation: https://vrm.dev/en/vrm/vrm_about.html
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Developed by Autodesk, FBX is a proprietary but widely adopted file format for 3D content. It supports geometry, animation, materials, and even scene hierarchy information. FBX is used for interchanging data between Autodesk products (such as Maya and 3ds Max) and other 3D software.
OBJ is a widely supported and simple 3D file format that can store geometry, material properties, and texture information. It's human-readable and versatile, making it a common choice for exchanging 3D assets between different software applications.
USD, which stands for Universal Scene Description, is an open-source, interchange file format, and framework developed by Pixar Animation Studios. It is designed for efficiently and robustly describing 3D scenes and all their components, including geometry, materials, animations, and more. USD has gained popularity in the computer graphics and animation industry as a powerful tool for collaboration and data exchange among different software applications.
STL is primarily used for 3D printing and rapid prototyping. It represents 3D models as a collection of connected triangles (mesh). While it lacks support for textures and animations, it is widely supported for 3D printing applications.